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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

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This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund.

Afghanistan

$9.749 billion (2020 est.)
$8.498 billion (2019 est.)
$8.207 billion (2018 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Albania

$6.455 billion (2023 est.)
$5.266 billion (2022 est.)
$5.635 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Algeria

$81.217 billion (2023 est.)
$71.852 billion (2022 est.)
$56.211 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Angola

$13.942 billion (2023 est.)
$13.655 billion (2022 est.)
$14.468 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Anguilla

$76.38 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$48.14 million (31 December 2015 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda

$364.367 million (2023 est.)
$396.506 million (2022 est.)
$367.512 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Argentina

$23.081 billion (2023 est.)
$44.795 billion (2022 est.)
$39.653 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Armenia

$3.607 billion (2023 est.)
$4.112 billion (2022 est.)
$3.23 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Aruba

$1.544 billion (2022 est.)
$1.513 billion (2021 est.)
$1.213 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Australia

$61.703 billion (2023 est.)
$56.702 billion (2022 est.)
$57.878 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Austria

$31.212 billion (2023 est.)
$33.078 billion (2022 est.)
$33.957 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Azerbaijan

$13.749 billion (2023 est.)
$11.338 billion (2022 est.)
$8.29 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Bahamas, The

$2.512 billion (2023 est.)
$2.609 billion (2022 est.)
$2.433 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Bahrain

$5.118 billion (2023 est.)
$4.775 billion (2022 est.)
$4.993 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Bangladesh

$21.86 billion (2023 est.)
$33.747 billion (2022 est.)
$46.166 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Barbados

$1.52 billion (2022 est.)
$1.673 billion (2021 est.)
$1.358 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Belarus

$8.118 billion (2023 est.)
$7.923 billion (2022 est.)
$8.425 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Belgium

$40.813 billion (2023 est.)
$41.274 billion (2022 est.)
$41.872 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Belize

$473.729 million (2023 est.)
$482.146 million (2022 est.)
$420.103 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Benin

$698.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$57.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Bhutan

$976.26 million (2021 est.)
$1.427 billion (2020 est.)
$1.238 billion (2019 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Bolivia

$1.8 billion (2023 est.)
$3.752 billion (2022 est.)
$4.73 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Bosnia and Herzegovina

$9.205 billion (2023 est.)
$8.762 billion (2022 est.)
$9.475 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Botswana

$4.756 billion (2023 est.)
$4.279 billion (2022 est.)
$4.802 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Brazil

$355.021 billion (2023 est.)
$324.673 billion (2022 est.)
$362.21 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Brunei

$4.483 billion (2023 est.)
$5.035 billion (2022 est.)
$4.982 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Bulgaria

$46.334 billion (2023 est.)
$40.989 billion (2022 est.)
$39.188 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Burkina Faso

$49 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$50.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Burma

$7.67 billion (2020 est.)
$5.824 billion (2019 est.)
$5.646 billion (2018 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Burundi

$90.35 million (2023 est.)
$158.53 million (2022 est.)
$266.164 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Cabo Verde

$816.554 million (2023 est.)
$704.63 million (2022 est.)
$769.65 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Cambodia

$17.801 billion (2022 est.)
$20.27 billion (2021 est.)
$21.328 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Cameroon

$5.133 billion (2022 est.)
$4.3 billion (2021 est.)
$3.962 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Canada

$117.551 billion (2023 est.)
$106.952 billion (2022 est.)
$106.615 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Cayman Islands

$216.8 million (2020 est.)
$183.5 million (2019 est.)
$162.074 million (2018 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Central African Republic

$374.405 million (2022 est.)
$483.872 million (2021 est.)
$432.524 million (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Chad

$211.591 million (2021 est.)
$390.675 million (2020 est.)
$310.032 million (2019 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Chile

$46.377 billion (2023 est.)
$39.102 billion (2022 est.)
$51.252 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

China

$3.45 trillion (2023 est.)
$3.307 trillion (2022 est.)
$3.428 trillion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Colombia

$59.041 billion (2023 est.)
$56.704 billion (2022 est.)
$58.019 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Comoros

$324.561 million (2023 est.)
$283.746 million (2022 est.)
$329.672 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

$3.467 billion (2021 est.)
$747.655 million (2020 est.)
$1.194 billion (2019 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Congo, Republic of the

$715.391 million (2023 est.)
$835.649 million (2022 est.)
$828.56 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Costa Rica

$13.225 billion (2023 est.)
$8.554 billion (2022 est.)
$6.921 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Cote d'Ivoire

$6.257 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$4.935 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Croatia

$3.176 billion (2023 est.)
$29.726 billion (2022 est.)
$28.309 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Cuba

$11.35 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$12.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Cyprus

$1.789 billion (2023 est.)
$1.671 billion (2022 est.)
$1.611 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Czechia

$148.379 billion (2023 est.)
$139.981 billion (2022 est.)
$173.618 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Denmark

$109.371 billion (2023 est.)
$96.073 billion (2022 est.)
$82.236 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Djibouti

$502.034 million (2023 est.)
$589.437 million (2022 est.)
$588.418 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Dominica

$183.53 million (2023 est.)
$204.343 million (2022 est.)
$190.843 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Dominican Republic

$15.547 billion (2023 est.)
$14.523 billion (2022 est.)
$13.125 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Ecuador

$4.442 billion (2023 est.)
$8.459 billion (2022 est.)
$7.912 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Egypt

$33.07 billion (2023 est.)
$32.144 billion (2022 est.)
$39.824 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

El Salvador

$3.426 billion (2021 est.)
$3.083 billion (2020 est.)
$4.446 billion (2019 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Equatorial Guinea

$1.538 billion (2023 est.)
$1.458 billion (2022 est.)
$44.271 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Eritrea

$191.694 million (2019 est.)
$163.034 million (2018 est.)
$143.412 million (2017 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Estonia

$2.593 billion (2023 est.)
$2.217 billion (2022 est.)
$2.371 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Eswatini

$479.261 million (2023 est.)
$452.352 million (2022 est.)
$572.282 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Ethiopia

$3.046 billion (2020 est.)
$2.993 billion (2019 est.)
$3.987 billion (2018 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

European Union

$740.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

note: data are for the European Central Bank

Fiji

$1.548 billion (2023 est.)
$1.557 billion (2022 est.)
$1.518 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Finland

$16.929 billion (2023 est.)
$16.036 billion (2022 est.)
$16.744 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

France

$240.792 billion (2023 est.)
$242.416 billion (2022 est.)
$244.28 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Gabon

$1.372 billion (2019 est.)
$1.321 billion (2018 est.)
$965.054 million (2017 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Gambia, The

$577.028 million (2023 est.)
$568.244 million (2022 est.)
$652.671 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Gaza Strip

$1.323 billion (2023 est.)
$896.9 million (2022 est.)
$872.541 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Georgia

$5.002 billion (2023 est.)
$4.886 billion (2022 est.)
$4.271 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Germany

$322.7 billion (2023 est.)
$293.914 billion (2022 est.)
$295.736 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Ghana

$3.624 billion (2023 est.)
$5.205 billion (2022 est.)
$9.917 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Greece

$13.608 billion (2023 est.)
$12.061 billion (2022 est.)
$14.447 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Grenada

$404.13 million (2023 est.)
$371.767 million (2022 est.)
$348.259 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Guatemala

$21.311 billion (2023 est.)
$20.415 billion (2022 est.)
$20.935 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Guinea

$1.499 billion (2020 est.)
$1.379 billion (2019 est.)
$1.242 billion (2018 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Guinea-Bissau

$356.4 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$349.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Guyana

$895.275 million (2023 est.)
$917.877 million (2022 est.)
$790.785 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Haiti

$2.368 billion (2022 est.)
$2.734 billion (2021 est.)
$2.59 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Honduras

$7.543 billion (2023 est.)
$8.41 billion (2022 est.)
$8.667 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Hong Kong

$425.553 billion (2023 est.)
$424.025 billion (2022 est.)
$496.856 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Hungary

$45.719 billion (2023 est.)
$41.219 billion (2022 est.)
$43.483 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Iceland

$5.809 billion (2023 est.)
$5.887 billion (2022 est.)
$7.079 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

India

$627.793 billion (2023 est.)
$567.298 billion (2022 est.)
$638.485 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Indonesia

$146.359 billion (2023 est.)
$137.222 billion (2022 est.)
$144.908 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Iran

$120.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$133.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Iraq

$112.233 billion (2023 est.)
$97.009 billion (2022 est.)
$64.231 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Ireland

$12.905 billion (2023 est.)
$13.039 billion (2022 est.)
$13.247 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Israel

$204.661 billion (2023 est.)
$194.231 billion (2022 est.)
$212.934 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Italy

$247.396 billion (2023 est.)
$224.581 billion (2022 est.)
$227.478 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Jamaica

$4.869 billion (2023 est.)
$4.52 billion (2022 est.)
$4.838 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Japan

$1.295 trillion (2023 est.)
$1.228 trillion (2022 est.)
$1.406 trillion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Jordan

$15.56 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$15.543 billion (2016 est.)
$16.572 billion (2015 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Kazakhstan

$35.965 billion (2023 est.)
$35.076 billion (2022 est.)
$34.378 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Kenya

$7.342 billion (2023 est.)
$7.969 billion (2022 est.)
$9.491 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Korea, South

$420.93 billion (2023 est.)
$423.366 billion (2022 est.)
$463.281 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Kosovo

$1.245 billion (2023 est.)
$1.248 billion (2022 est.)
$1.244 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Kuwait

$52.619 billion (2023 est.)
$52.462 billion (2022 est.)
$49.525 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Kyrgyzstan

$3.237 billion (2023 est.)
$2.799 billion (2022 est.)
$2.983 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Laos

$1.77 billion (2023 est.)
$1.576 billion (2022 est.)
$1.951 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Latvia

$4.957 billion (2023 est.)
$4.46 billion (2022 est.)
$5.491 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Lebanon

$32.513 billion (2022 est.)
$35.239 billion (2021 est.)
$42.44 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Lesotho

$774.095 million (2019 est.)
$728.528 million (2018 est.)
$657.668 million (2017 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Liberia

$599.66 million (2022 est.)
$700.829 million (2021 est.)
$340.966 million (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Libya

$92.427 billion (2023 est.)
$86.683 billion (2022 est.)
$82.262 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Lithuania

$6.168 billion (2023 est.)
$5.365 billion (2022 est.)
$5.58 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Luxembourg

$2.977 billion (2023 est.)
$2.874 billion (2022 est.)
$2.921 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Macau

$27.771 billion (2023 est.)
$25.971 billion (2022 est.)
$26.665 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Madagascar

$2.632 billion (2023 est.)
$2.16 billion (2022 est.)
$2.335 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Malawi

$594.498 million (2020 est.)
$846.84 million (2019 est.)
$766.155 million (2018 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Malaysia

$113.438 billion (2023 est.)
$114.659 billion (2022 est.)
$116.916 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Maldives

$590.523 million (2023 est.)
$832.094 million (2022 est.)
$805.808 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Mali

$647.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$395.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Malta

$1.223 billion (2023 est.)
$1.199 billion (2022 est.)
$1.149 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Mauritania

$2.039 billion (2021 est.)
$1.493 billion (2020 est.)
$1.029 billion (2019 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Mauritius

$7.248 billion (2023 est.)
$7.793 billion (2022 est.)
$8.563 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Mexico

$214.317 billion (2023 est.)
$201.119 billion (2022 est.)
$207.799 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Micronesia, Federated States of

$497.434 million (2021 est.)
$451.913 million (2020 est.)
$397.158 million (2019 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Moldova

$5.453 billion (2023 est.)
$4.474 billion (2022 est.)
$3.902 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Mongolia

$4.782 billion (2023 est.)
$3.398 billion (2022 est.)
$4.38 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Montenegro

$1.574 billion (2023 est.)
$2.041 billion (2022 est.)
$1.982 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Montserrat

$47.58 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$51.47 million (31 December 2015 est.)

Morocco

$36.328 billion (2023 est.)
$32.314 billion (2022 est.)
$35.648 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Mozambique

$3.515 billion (2023 est.)
$2.939 billion (2022 est.)
$3.781 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Namibia

$2.956 billion (2023 est.)
$2.803 billion (2022 est.)
$2.764 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Nepal

$12.456 billion (2023 est.)
$9.319 billion (2022 est.)
$9.639 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Netherlands

$69.83 billion (2023 est.)
$63.353 billion (2022 est.)
$64.469 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

New Zealand

$15.487 billion (2023 est.)
$14.4 billion (2022 est.)
$16.114 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Nicaragua

$5.447 billion (2023 est.)
$4.404 billion (2022 est.)
$4.047 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Niger

$1.314 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$1.186 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Nigeria

$35.564 billion (2022 est.)
$40.476 billion (2021 est.)
$36.73 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

North Macedonia

$5.015 billion (2023 est.)
$4.12 billion (2022 est.)
$4.129 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Norway

$80.459 billion (2023 est.)
$72.077 billion (2022 est.)
$84.271 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Oman

$17.455 billion (2023 est.)
$17.606 billion (2022 est.)
$19.731 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Pakistan

$13.73 billion (2023 est.)
$9.927 billion (2022 est.)
$22.812 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Palau

$580.9 million (31 December 2015 est.)

Panama

$6.757 billion (2023 est.)
$6.876 billion (2022 est.)
$8.832 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Papua New Guinea

$3.983 billion (2022 est.)
$3.24 billion (2021 est.)
$2.686 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Paraguay

$9.886 billion (2023 est.)
$9.519 billion (2022 est.)
$9.661 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Peru

$71.394 billion (2023 est.)
$72.328 billion (2022 est.)
$78.59 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Philippines

$103.742 billion (2023 est.)
$96.04 billion (2022 est.)
$108.755 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Poland

$193.783 billion (2023 est.)
$166.664 billion (2022 est.)
$166.03 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Portugal

$35.243 billion (2023 est.)
$32.232 billion (2022 est.)
$32.535 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Qatar

$51.539 billion (2023 est.)
$47.389 billion (2022 est.)
$42.213 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Romania

$73 billion (2023 est.)
$55.81 billion (2022 est.)
$51.886 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Russia

$597.217 billion (2023 est.)
$581.71 billion (2022 est.)
$632.242 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Rwanda

$1.834 billion (2023 est.)
$1.726 billion (2022 est.)
$1.867 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Saint Kitts and Nevis

$286.075 million (2023 est.)
$293.98 million (2022 est.)
$337.533 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Saint Lucia

$424.324 million (2023 est.)
$389.083 million (2022 est.)
$433.117 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

$280.564 million (2023 est.)
$320.193 million (2022 est.)
$311.903 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Samoa

$447.09 million (2023 est.)
$321.163 million (2022 est.)
$294.682 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

San Marino

$836.088 million (2023 est.)
$716.066 million (2022 est.)
$954.383 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Sao Tome and Principe

$64.476 million (2022 est.)
$75.017 million (2021 est.)
$75.288 million (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Saudi Arabia

$457.949 billion (2023 est.)
$478.232 billion (2022 est.)
$473.89 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Senegal

$1.827 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$116.9 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Serbia

$27.569 billion (2023 est.)
$20.68 billion (2022 est.)
$18.617 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Seychelles

$638.961 million (2022 est.)
$702.585 million (2021 est.)
$559.682 million (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Sierra Leone

$495.699 million (2023 est.)
$624.496 million (2022 est.)
$945.908 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Singapore

$359.835 billion (2023 est.)
$296.629 billion (2022 est.)
$425.098 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Slovakia

$11.288 billion (2023 est.)
$10.28 billion (2022 est.)
$9.61 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Slovenia

$2.37 billion (2023 est.)
$2.268 billion (2022 est.)
$2.267 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Solomon Islands

$661.604 million (2022 est.)
$694.515 million (2021 est.)
$660.996 million (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Somalia

$30.45 million (2014 est.)

South Africa

$62.492 billion (2023 est.)
$60.553 billion (2022 est.)
$57.597 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

South Sudan

$183.615 million (2020 est.)
$378.282 million (2019 est.)
$36.396 million (2018 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Spain

$103.089 billion (2023 est.)
$92.905 billion (2022 est.)
$92.201 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Sri Lanka

$3.137 billion (2021 est.)
$5.664 billion (2020 est.)
$7.648 billion (2019 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Sudan

$177.934 million (2017 est.)
$168.284 million (2016 est.)
$173.516 million (2015 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Suriname

$1.346 billion (2023 est.)
$1.195 billion (2022 est.)
$992.257 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Sweden

$60.863 billion (2023 est.)
$64.289 billion (2022 est.)
$62.053 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Switzerland

$863.892 billion (2023 est.)
$923.628 billion (2022 est.)
$1.11 trillion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Syria

$407.3 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$504.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Taiwan

$456.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$439 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Tajikistan

$3.847 billion (2022 est.)
$2.499 billion (2021 est.)
$2.238 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Tanzania

$5.05 billion (2018 est.)
$5.888 billion (2017 est.)
$4.351 billion (2016 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Thailand

$224.47 billion (2023 est.)
$216.501 billion (2022 est.)
$246.025 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Timor-Leste

$781.995 million (2023 est.)
$830.81 million (2022 est.)
$934.781 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Togo

$77.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
$42.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Tonga

$396.53 million (2023 est.)
$375.564 million (2022 est.)
$361.812 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Trinidad and Tobago

$6.256 billion (2023 est.)
$6.832 billion (2022 est.)
$6.88 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Tunisia

$9.24 billion (2023 est.)
$8.094 billion (2022 est.)
$8.846 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Turkey (Turkiye)

$140.858 billion (2023 est.)
$123.735 billion (2022 est.)
$109.535 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Turkmenistan

$24.91 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$25.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Uganda

$3.359 billion (2018 est.)
$3.721 billion (2017 est.)
$3.098 billion (2016 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Ukraine

$40.51 billion (2023 est.)
$28.506 billion (2022 est.)
$30.967 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

United Arab Emirates

$189.491 billion (2023 est.)
$138.433 billion (2022 est.)
$131.117 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

United Kingdom

$177.915 billion (2023 est.)
$176.41 billion (2022 est.)
$194.181 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

United States

$773.426 billion (2023 est.)
$706.644 billion (2022 est.)
$716.152 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Uruguay

$16.257 billion (2023 est.)
$15.127 billion (2022 est.)
$16.963 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Uzbekistan

$34.558 billion (2023 est.)
$35.774 billion (2022 est.)
$35.375 billion (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Vanuatu

$643.768 million (2023 est.)
$638.537 million (2022 est.)
$664.751 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Venezuela

$9.794 billion (2017 est.)
$10.15 billion (2016 est.)
$15.625 billion (2015 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Vietnam

$86.54 billion (2022 est.)
$109.371 billion (2021 est.)
$94.834 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

West Bank

$1.323 billion (2023 est.)
$896.9 million (2022 est.)
$872.541 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip

Yemen

$1.251 billion (2022 est.)
$1.688 billion (2021 est.)
$969.613 million (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Zambia

$2.968 billion (2022 est.)
$2.754 billion (2021 est.)
$1.203 billion (2020 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Zimbabwe

$115.53 million (2023 est.)
$598.622 million (2022 est.)
$838.78 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars